cognitive dysfunction

10β,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED) is a brain-selective prodrug of 17β-estradiol, which has neuroprotective effects, improves cognitive dysfunction, and can be used to study brain damage.

GSK-239512 is an antagonist of H3 receptor and can be used in studies about the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders.

SKF83959, a benzazepine analog, is a selective and potent partial agonist of the dopamine D1 receptor with Ki values of 1.18, 7.56, 920, and 399 nM for rat D1, D5, D2, and D3 receptors, respectively.SKF83959 is a potent variant modulator of the sigma (σ)-1 receptor, which ameliorates cognitive dysfunction for the study depression and Alzheimer's disease.

Dalzanemdor (SAGE-718) is an NMDA receptor-positive modulator of metabolism that can be used to study Huntington's chorea, Alzheimer's disease, and cognitive dysfunction.

Cefazolin sodium (cephazolin sodium) salt binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Cefazolin sodium salt is the sodium salt of cefazolin, a beta-lactam antibiotic and first-generation cephalosporin with bactericidal activity. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity, which results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and cell lysis.

Amantadine hydrochloride (CI-719) is an antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A and Parkinson disease.

Parecoxib (SC 69124) is an effective and selective COX-2 inhibitor.

Sarcosine (Methylglycine) is a competitive inhibitor of the type I glycine transporter (GlyT1) and an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) co-agonist.

Cefazolin is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin that has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.

Paxilline is an indole alkaloid mycotoxin from *Penicillium paxilli*, acting as a potent BK channel inhibitor via an almost exclusively closed-channel block mechanism. Paxilline possesses significant anticonvulsant activity.

Lecozotan (SRA-333) is a potent and selective 5-HT antagonist developed for Alzheimer's disease treatment. This compound significantly increases the release of glutamate and acetylcholine in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus areas upon potassium ion stimulation, exhibiting cognitive enhancement properties. Long-term use of Lecozotan does not lead to tolerance or dysfunction of the 5-HT(1A) receptor, demonstrating its stable pharmacological properties. Additionally, acute administration can improve learning and memory abilities in rats without affecting their anxiety levels or behavior depression.

CUR-IPA is a cholinesterase inhibitor with IC50 values of 5.99 μM for eAChE (electric eel), 59.30 μM for hAChE (human), and 60.66 μM for hBChE (human). It has free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity and is useful for researching cognitive dysfunction.

CI-1002 is a novel anticholinesterase and muscarinic antagonist that can be used to treat cognitive dysfunction in AD with fewer peripheral side effects.

OAB-14 is a Bexarotene derivative that improves Alzheimer's disease-related pathologies and cognitive impairments by increasing β-amyloid clearance in APP/PS1 mice. OAB-14 effectively ameliorates the dysfunction of the endosomal-autophagic-lysosomal(EAL) pathway in APP/PS1 transgenic mice [1] [2].

Selective sigma (σ) receptor ligand. Displays high affinity for σ1; also binds at σ2 sites (Ki = 1.5 nM and 50.8 nM respectively). Selective over a range of receptor types including dopaminergic and muscarinic receptors, DAT and SERT. Prezzavento et al (2007) Novel sigma receptor ligands: synthesis and biological profile. J.Med.Chem. 50 951 PMID:17328523 |Prezzavento et al (2008) A new sigma ligand, (±)-PPCC, antagonizes kappa opioid receptor-mediated antinociceptive effect. Life Sci. 82 549 PMID:18261749 |Antonini et al (2009) Anti-amnesic properties of (±)-PPCC, a novel sigma receptor ligand, on cognitive dysfunction induced by selective cholinergic lesion in rats. J.Neurochem. 109 744 PMID:19245662

MY33-3 is a powerful and specific inhibitor of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP)β/ζ, demonstrating an IC50 value of approximately 0.1 μM. Moreover, MY33-3 exhibits inhibitory activity against PTP-1B with an IC50 value of about 0.7 μM. Additionally, MY33-3 has been shown to effectively decrease ethanol consumption and alleviate neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction induced by Sevoflurane.

MY33-3 hydrochloride is a potent and selective inhibitor of the protein tyrosine phosphatase RPTPβ ζ (IC50~0.1 μM) and PTP-1B (IC50~0.7 μM). It also reduces ethanol consumption and alleviates Sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction.

Liothyronine sodium hydrate (Triiodothyronine sodium hydrate) is a TRα and TRβ agonist and a thyroxine analog with anticancer and antitumor activities. It can be used to study hypothyroidism, stroke and cognitive dysfunction.

Amantadine (1-Aminoadamantane) is an antiviral, is a weak antagonist of the NMDA-type glutamate receptor, increases dopamine release, and blocks dopamine reuptake.

Cefazolin sodium pentahydrate, a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, is employed in diverse bacterial infection research [1] and exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect capable of attenuating post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) [2].

VU6004909 is a potent mGlu5 receptor orthosteric modulator (EC50:25.7nM) that reverses MK801-induced cortical activity enhancement and cognitive dysfunction, and can be used in the study of neurological disorders.

Z-Pro-Pro-aldehyde-dimethyl acetal is a potent prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) inhibitor, effectively impeding the activity of this cytoplasmic serine endoprotease with an IC50 of 12 nM. Its significance lies in its role in modulating cognitive dysfunction associated with aging and neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease [1] [2].